Harvard Referencing for Canadian Students: Worked Examples

Harvard referencing uses author-date in-text citations (Smith 2024) or (Smith 2024, p. 42) and an alphabetised reference list at the end. Unlike APA, Harvard has multiple variants - Cite Them Right, Anglia, Australian Harvard - and each Canadian university that uses Harvard typically specifies one. Always check your library's Harvard guide before formatting.

In-text basics: (Smith 2024) for paraphrase; (Smith 2024, p. 42) for direct quote; (Smith and Lee 2024) for two authors; (Smith et al. 2024) for three or more.

Reference list - journal article: Smith, J. (2024) 'Title of article', Journal Name, 12(3), pp. 45-60.

Reference list - book: Smith, J. (2024) Title of Book. 2nd edn. Toronto: Publisher.

Reference list - chapter in edited book: Smith, J. (2024) 'Chapter title', in Lee, A. (ed.) Title of Book. Toronto: Publisher, pp. 12-34.

Reference list - webpage: Statistics Canada (2024) Title of page. Available at: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/... (Accessed: 12 January 2026).

Canadian-specific cases: Government of Canada publications use the department as author; provincial documents include the province and ministry.